Melasma

What Is Melasma?

Melasma is a common skin condition that causes irregular patches of hyperpigmentation on the face and, in some cases, other sun-exposed areas such as the forearms. These patches, ranging from tan or brown to grayish-blue, most often appear symmetrically on the cheeks, forehead, nose, or upper lip. Melasma develops when excess melanin (skin pigment) is produced, often triggered by sun exposure, hormonal fluctuations such as pregnancy or menopause, or genetic predisposition. Though it is not painful, the uneven discoloration can be distressing, making expert evaluation essential. Schedule a consultation at Cosmedica Dermatology in Washington, D.C. to find a treatment plan customized to your skin's unique needs.

How Is Melasma Treated?

Treating melasma requires a multifaceted approach aimed at reducing melanin production and preventing further discoloration. Effective melasma treatments at Cosmedica Dermatology include topical medications, chemical peels, and picosecond laser treatments. 

Topical medications involve skin-lightening creams, which help inhibit melanin synthesis and reduce dark patches on the face. Chemical peels using glycolic acid, salicylic acid, or trichloroacetic acid exfoliate the skin's surface layers, diminishing hyperpigmentation. Picosecond laser treatments for melasma target melanin in the skin to reduce discoloration.

Preventive measures are also essential in managing melasma. Sun protection,  including daily application of broad-spectrum sunscreen with a high SPF, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding peak sun exposure times, is essential to prevent exacerbation of this chronic condition. Evaluating and adjusting hormonal factors, such as birth control methods or hormone replacement therapy, may also help reduce triggers for melasma.