Birthmarks

What Are Birthmarks?

A birthmark is a visible skin marking that differs in color, texture, or elevation from the surrounding skin. These marks can appear anywhere on the body and are typically present at birth or emerge shortly afterward. Birthmarks may be flat or raised, pigmented or vascular, and while most are benign, certain types may require medical evaluation—particularly in infants and young children.

In some cases, birthmarks can become a cosmetic concern in adolescence or adulthood, especially if they are large, dark, or located in prominent areas such as the face or neck. At Cosmedica Dermatology in Washington, D.C., we provide expert evaluation and treatment of birthmarks for both children and adults, offering options such as laser therapy or surgical removal when clinically indicated or aesthetically desired.

What Are Common Types of Birthmarks?

Identifying the type of birthmark is essential for determining whether treatment is needed and what options may be most appropriate. Birthmarks vary in appearance, location, and behavior over time. Below are the most common types of birthmarks seen in infants, children, and adults:

Café-au-lait Macule
Flat, light to dark brown patches that often appear on the buttocks, legs, or torso. These pigmented birthmarks are typically harmless and persistent, though multiple spots may warrant further evaluation.

Infantile Hemangioma
A firm, bluish or red lump that forms beneath the skin and may grow rapidly during infancy. While many infantile hemangiomas resolve on their own over several years, some leave behind scarring or require treatment for cosmetic or functional reasons.

Congenital Nevus (Mole) 
A raised, brown birthmark present at birth, which may appear anywhere on the skin. While most congenital moles remain stable, larger lesions should be monitored over time due to a slightly increased risk of transformation.

Dermal Melanocytosis (Mongolian Spot)
Common in individuals with darker skin tones, especially those of Asian or African descent. These bluish-gray patches resemble bruises and are typically found on the lower back or buttocks. They generally fade during early childhood.

Nevus Sebaceous
A waxy, yellowish, hairless patch that often appears on the scalp or face. These lesions do not fade with age and may evolve during puberty. In some cases, removal is recommended due to changes in texture or appearance.

Port-Wine Birthmark
A flat, reddish-pink or deep purple patch that can appear anywhere on the body, most commonly the face. Unlike other vascular birthmarks, port-wine stains do not fade and may darken or thicken over time. Laser therapy is often considered for long-term management.

Nevus Simplex (Salmon Patch)
Also known as a “stork bite” or “angel’s kiss,” these faint pink or red marks are most often found on the eyelids, forehead, or back of the neck. Most salmon patches fade naturally within the first few years of life.